On Sept. 29, 2025, California Gov. Newsom signed Senate Bill 53, the Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act, into law. Aimed at preventing catastrophic risks from advanced AI systems, the law sets requirements for large developers working with “frontier models”—including mandatory safety measures, adherence to national and international standards, and public transparency reports. A “frontier model” is defined by the amount of computing power used during training, fine-tuning, or modification—specifically, any model requiring more than 10^26 integer or floating-point operations.
California Expands Whistleblower Retaliation Protections for Employees in the AI Sector
